Stock Exchange Dictionary
Basic concepts covered in Borsa Okulu lessons — you can filter by searching. For the complete dictionary of economy and finance, see Terms & Definitions page.
Regions where oscillators (RSI, stochastic, Wave Trend) have risen too much (overbought) or fallen too much (oversold) by decoupling from the price's momentum. It can be a reversal signal but may stay in the trend for a long time.
The index against which portfolio performance is compared (e.g., XU100). A portfolio is considered weak if it's new and even when profitable, it underperforms the index.
The periods of January-April-July-October when companies release their quarterly financial reports. Major stock movements occur on balance sheet days.
Indexes consisting of the top 30/100 stocks by market value and volume on Borsa Istanbul. When news says 'the index rose', it generally refers to XU100.
A long-term rising period is a 'bull' market, while a falling period is a 'bear' market. The names come from the bull's upward thrust and the bear's downward strike.
The area where buying pressure emerges as prices fall is 'support', while the area where selling pressure emerges as prices rise is 'resistance'. Broken resistance can become support, and broken support can become resistance.
A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices. The technical scan on this site looks at 5-8-13-21 (short), 34-55 (medium), 89-144 (long) EMA sequences; if short averages are above long ones, it's called an 'AL' sequence.
PI: market order execution, L: limit order, IOC: cancel if not filled, FOK: fill or kill.
Consumer inflation announced by TÜİK at the beginning of each month. Higher than expected inflation can increase interest rate expectations and pressure the market.
The 23.6 / 38.2 / 50 / 61.8 pullback levels of a movement. Traders watch these areas as potential support/resistance.
The amount of lots/shares traded in a specific period. Price movement supported by volume is important for signal strength.
Borsa Istanbul main market is open on weekdays 10:00-18:00 (excluding lunch break). The technical scan on the site is updated every 30 minutes during these hours.
The ratio of stock price to earnings per share. Roughly indicates how many years it takes for a company to recoup its profits; compared to industry average.
Increasing position size with debt (or derivatives). Amplifies both gains and losses proportionally; high risk for beginners.
How easily a stock can be bought and sold without affecting its price. In illiquid stocks, the bid-ask spread is wide.
The trading unit on the stock exchange is 'lot'; 1 lot = 1 share. Orders are placed on a lot basis.
Momentum indicator calculated from the difference between two moving averages. When the MACD line crosses above the signal line, it's interpreted as positive; when below, as negative.
Number of shares × share price. Shows the total size of the company on the stock exchange; BIST 30 consists of the stocks with the highest market value and trading volume.
Bands drawn above and below the price's trend axis over a specific period. The 'channel position %' on the site shows where the price is within these bands: 100% at the upper band, 0% at the lower band.
An oscillator between 0-100; values above 70 are considered 'overbought', below 30 'oversold'. It measures the speed/strength of price movement, not a standalone buy/sell signal.
Selling first then buying back later to profit from falling prices. Done in futures markets; limited in stock markets.
An automatic sell level set to limit losses. Setting the stop level when opening a position is fundamental risk management.
The base interest rate updated by the Central Bank at specific monthly meetings. Interest rate cuts are generally seen as positive for the stock market, while increases are viewed negatively.
The distribution of a company's profits to shareholders. When a cash dividend is paid, the stock price opens lower by the amount of the dividend (dividend adjustment).
A period where both troughs and peaks are rising is an uptrend. Bands drawn parallel to the trend axis form a 'channel'.
The price fluctuation. High volatility = wide swings = both opportunity and risk. Usually measured by percentage standard deviation.
An oscillator showing the short-term wave (cycle) position of the price. It appears on the site with overbought/oversold labels like 'SELL AT TOP' / 'BUY AT BOTTOM'.
Distributing investment across different stocks/sectors/asset classes. It reduces single-stock risk; the demo portfolio on the site is an example of diversification equally distributed to BIST 30.